Sponges are among Earth's most ancient animals, but exactly when they evolved has long puzzled scientists. Genetic ...

Over millions of years, the Earth’s upper layers have performed a dance that has created mountains, volcanoes, continents, ridges and ocean trenches. Tectonic plates play a key role in this process.

Watch the Earth's tectonic plates grow, shrink, and jostle for position in this new model of the last billion years on the ...

Evolution has long been a topic of controversy in the United States and has been the target of laws and public policies. As part of the Origins Science Scholars series, Kenneth Miller of Brown ...

1. Evolution of the idea : from Vernadsky to a science of the global environment -- 2. Life in the universe : attributes, constraints, and probabilities -- 3. Life's diversity and resilience : ...

In the past few billion years, Earth has been pummeled by asteroids, crashed into other planets and frozen over several times ...